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“加以”搭配,比如,我们可以说“加以研究”,但不能说“加以商量’。因此译者必须注意搭配习惯问题。以下句中的被动式均可用“加以”:
Principles mean very little unless they are acted up.原则如果不加以实行就没有什么愈义了。The subject will further be dealt with in Chapter X of thisb。。k.本书第十幸将对这一问龙进一步加以探讨。It is no use merely mentioning the fact in passing; it needs to bedriven home by emphasis and repetition.将这一奉实一带而过是无济于事的。需要强调、重复,充分地加以说明。Mistakes must not be covered up. They must be exposed beforeyou can correct them.错误不应当加以掩饰,而必须加以揭宽,才能得以改正。川ness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treatedwith medicine.疾病必须先有正确诊断,才能用药物加以治疗。
一般说来,作出第一种决定比较容易;作出第二种决定则困难得多。
Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?为什么总把这些麻烦李推给我呢?A job such as that is not one that should加thrown up withoutserious thought.这么一份好差事可不能等闲视之啊。汉语中主动式无主句一般都是主语概念很泛或难以确定(如上列例句中的前四个),所以省略了主语。如果要避免无主语,也可以用一个很泛的主语,如“有人”、“人们”等等。如:Shakespeare andScott were read to me t前,就有人将莎士比亚和斯各特的作品读给我听。)很多英语被动式还可以译成汉语带句首成分(大多是表示时间、地点、条件、关涉、让步等等的状语)的无主句。这时的句首成分,如果与句子的主干不分开(无逗号),在语感上处于主语位,就叫做“话题主语”:A telephone was fitted up in the pavilion.事子里装7一部电话。
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