中英对照:工程建设标准英文版典型用语的翻译

封面用语 
1）中华人民共和国国家标准 National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
2）中华人民共和国行业标准 Professional standard of the People’s Republic of China
3）×××工程建设地方标准 ××× Provincial Standard for Engineering Construction
4）×××发布 Issued by ×××
例如：Issued by Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
5）中华人民共和国建设部、国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布 Jointly issued by Ministry of Construction and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
6）中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部、国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布 Jointly issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
7）××××年××月××日发布(例如,2006 年5月23日发布) Issued on M D,Y (Issued on May 23,2006)
8）××××年××月××日实施(例如,2006 年5月23日实施) Implemented on M D,Y (Implemented on May 23,2006)
9）××××版 ×××× edition
2.2 扉页用语
1）主编部门 Chief Development Department
2）主编单位 Chief Development Organization
3）批准部门 Approval Department
4）施行日期 Implementation date
2.3 发布通知或公告用语
1）中华人民共和国建设部公告 Announcement of Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
2）中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部公告 Announcement of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China
3）关于发布国家标准×××的通知 Notice on publishing the national standard of ×××
4）关于发布国家标准×××局部修订的公告 Announcement of publishing the partial revision of national standard ×××
5）现批准×××为国家标准,标准编号为××× ×××has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of ×××
6）×××为强制性条文,必须严格执行 ××× are compulsory provisions and must be enforced strictly
7）原×××同时废止 ××× shall be abolished simultaneously
8）本标准（规范）共分××章，其主要内容为 The standard(code) comprises ×× chapters with the main contents as follows
9）本标准（规范）由建设部负责管理和对强制性条文的解释 Ministry of Construction is in charge of the administration of this standard (code) and the explanation of the compulsory provisions
10）由×××负责具体技术内容的解释 ××× is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents
11) 本规范由×××组织×××出版发行 Authorized by ×××, this code is published and distributed by ×××
12）继续有效 be valid as usual
13）复审 Review
14）备案 Put on records
15）备案号 Record Number
16）附加说明 Additional explanation
2.4 前言用语
1）前言 Foreword
2）根据建设部建标[×××] ×××号《关于印发“×××年工程建设标准制订、修订计划”的通知》的要求 According to the requirements of Document Jian Biao [×××]NO. ××× issued by Ministry of Construction (MOC) - “Notice on Printing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards in ×××”
3）本规范以黑体字标志的条文为强制性条文，必须严格执行 The provision(s) printed in bold type is (are) compulsory one (ones) and must be enforced strictly
4）请各单位在执行本标准过程中，注意总结经验，积累资料，随时将有关意见和建议寄交××× All relevant organizations are kindly requested to sum up and accumulate your experiences in actual practices during the process of implementing this code. The relevant opinions and advice, whenever necessary, can be posted or passed on to ×××
5）参编单位 Participating Development Organizations
6）参加单位 Participating Organizations
7）主要起草人 Chief Drafting Staff
8）日常管理 Routine management
9）具体解释 Specific explanation
2.5 目次用语
1）目次（目录） Contents
2）总则 General provisions
3）术语和符号 Terms and symbols
4）附录 Appendix
5）本规范用词说明 Explanation of Wording in this code
2.6 总则用语
1）为了×××，制定本规范 This code is formulated with a view to ×××
2）安全适用 Safety and usability
3）经济合理 Economy and rationality
4）本标准(规范)适用于…… This standard (code) is applicable to ……
5）本标准（规范）不适用于…… This standard (code) is not applicable to ……
6）新建、扩建、改建 Construction, extension and renovation
7）除应符合本标准(规范)要求外,尚应符合国家现行有关标准（规范）的规定 Not only the requirements stipulated in this standard (code), but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation shall be complied with
2.7 正文用语
1）必须 Must
2）严禁 Must not
3）应 Shall
4）不应 Shall not
5）宜 Should
6）不宜 Should not
7）可 May
8）不可 May not
9）符合下列规定（要求） Be in accordance with the following requirements
10）应符合×××的规定（要求） Shall meet the requirements of ×××
11）应按×××执行 Shall comply with ×××
12）遵守下列规定（要求） Be in compliance with the following requirements
13）符合表×××的规定（要求） Be in accordance with those specified in Table ×××
14）按照表×××的规定（要求）确定 Be determined according to those set out in Table ×××
15）按下式计算 Be calculated according to the following equation
16）按下列公式计算 Be calculated according to the following formulae
17）符合下列情况之一的，应…… If one of the following requirements is met, …… shall ……
18）式中 Where
19）注 Note
20）图 Figure or Fig.
21）大于 Be larger than
22）小于 Be less than
23) 等于 Be equal
24）超过 Exceed
25）国家现行有关标准 Current relevant standard of the nation
26）现行国家标准 Current national standard
27）一般规定（要求） General requirement
28）基本规定（要求） Basic requirement
29）特殊规定（要求） Particular requirement
2.8 本规范用词用语说明(译者按下列翻译)
原文内容：
1 为了便于在执行本规范条文时区别对待，对要求严格程度不同的用词说明如下：
1) 表示很严格，非这样做不可的用词：
正面词采用“必须”，反面词采用“严禁”。
2) 表示严格，在正常情况均应这样做的用词：
正面词采用“应”，反面词采用“不应”或“不得”。
3) 表示允许稍有选择，在条件许可时首先这样做的用词：
正面词采用“宜”，反面词采用“不宜”；
4) 表示有选择，在一定条件下可以这样做的，采用“可”。
2 规范中指定应按其他有关标准、规范执行时，写法为：“应符合……的规定”或“应按……执行”。
英文翻译：
1. Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to mark the differences in executing the requirements in this code.
1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
“Must” is used for affirmation; “must not” for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:
“Shall” is used for affirmation; “shall not” for negation.
3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable choice when conditions permit:
“Should” is used for affirmation; “should not” for negation.
4) “May” is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional permit.
2．“Shall comply with…”or “Shall meet the requirements of…”is used in this code to indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative standards and codes.
3. 标准化常用词的翻译
3.1 标准化及标准文件
1）标准化　standardization
2）国际标准　international standard
3）国家标准　national standard
4）行业标准　professional standard
5）地方标准　provincial standard
6）企业标准　company standard
7）规范　code
8）技术规范　technical code
9）通则general rule
10）规程　specification
11）规则　rule
12）强制性标准　mandatory standard
13）推荐性标准　voluntary standard
14）法规　regulation
15）技术法规　technical regulation
16）强制性条文 compulsory provisions
3.2 标准文件的结构
1）目次　content
2）前言　foreword
3）范围　scope
4）引用标准　normative standard
5）术语　terms
6）符号　symbol
7）测试　testing
8）试验　test
9）试验方法　test method
10）试验报告　test report
11）分类　classification
12）附录　appendix
3.3 标准文件的层次划分
1）章　chapter
2）节　section
3）条　article
4）款　item

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