合同术语(Contract Glossary)

（1999年3月15日第九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过 ）
(Adopted and Promulgated by the Second Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress on March 15, 1999.)

目     录                   Contents

总　　则                 General Provisions
第一章　一般规定         Chapter One: General Provisions
第二章　合同的订立       Chapter Two: Formation of Contracts
第三章　合同的效力       Chapter Three: Validity of Contracts
第四章　合同的履行        Chapter Four: Performance of Contracts
第五章　合同的变更和转让 Chapter Five: Amendment and Assignment of Contracts
第六章　合同的权利义务终止 Chapter Six: Discharge of Contractual Rights and Obligations
第七章　违约责任           Chapter Seven: Liabilities for Breach of Contracts
第八章　其他规定         Chapter Eight: Other Provisions
分　　则                Specific Provisions
第九章　买卖合同            Chapter Nine: Sales Contracts
第十章　供用电、水、气、热力合同Chapter Ten: Contracts for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat
第十一章　赠与合同   Chapter Eleven: Gift Contracts
第十二章　借款合同  Chapter Twelve: Contracts for Loan of Money
第十三章　租赁合同  Chapter Thirteen: Leasing Contracts
第十四章　融资租赁合同  Chapter Fourteen: Financial Leasing Contracts
第十五章　承揽合同    Chapter Fifteen: Contracts of Hired Works
第十六章　建设工程合同 Chapter Sixteen: Contracts for Construction Projects
第十七章　运输合同  Chapter Seventeen: Carriage Contracts
第十八章　技术合同 Chapter Eighteen: Technology Contracts
第十九章　保管合同 Chapter Nineteen: Safekeeping Contracts
第二十章　仓储合同 Chapter Twenty: Warehousing Contracts
第二十一章　委托合同 Chapter Twenty One: Agency Appointment Contracts
第二十二章　行纪合同 Chapter Twenty Two: Contracts for Brokerage
第二十三章　居间合同 Chapter Twenty Three: Contracts for Intermediation
附　　则           Supplementary Provision制定(法律)  Formulate
合同当事人 Contract parties
适用 Apply
保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设
Protect the lawful rights and interests of contract parties, safeguard social and economic order, and promote socialist modernization
平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织
Natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal standing (footing)
把意志强加给某人impose will on somebody
订立合同to enter into a contract
遵循公平原则 abide by the principle of fairness
行使权利 exercise rights
履行义务perform obligations
遵循诚实信用原则abide by the principle of good faith
尊重社会公德 observe social ethics
民事权利能力和民事行为能力capacities for civil rights and civil acts
委托代理人appoint an agent
擅自变更或者解除合同 arbitrarily amend or terminate the contract.
对当事人具有法律约束力 be legally binding on the parties
合同形式Forms of Contract
合同书memorandum of contract
可以有形地表现所载内容的形式Be capable of expressing its contents in a tangible form
由当事人约定　Be agreed upon by the parties
条款　clauses
标的　subject matter／contract object
价款或者报酬price or remuneration
履行期限、地点和方式time limit, place and method of performance
违约责任liability for breach of contract
解决争议的方法method of dispute resolution
参照　by reference to
要约　offer
要约人　offeror
受要人　offeree
视为　be deemed as
撤回　withdraw
撤销 revoke
不可撤销的要约Irrevocable Offer
生效 become effective/come into force/go into effect/take effect
按照其规定 the provisions thereof shall be followed
附生条件 collateral conditions
附期限 conditional time period
终止期限 termination time period
自期限届满时生效 become invalid when the period expires
催告  urge
限制民事行为能力 limited civil capability of conduct
追认 ratify 
法定代理人 statutory agent
善意相对人  bona fide counterpart
行为人 actor
被代理人 principal
有下列情形之一的，合同无效
A contract shall be null and void under any of the following circumstances
恶意串通 malicious collusion
强制性规定 compulsory provisions
免责条款 immunity clauses 
人身伤害 personal injury
变更 modify (n. modification) 
撤消  revoke (n. revocation) cancel (n. cancellation)
消灭 extinguish 
放弃权力 renounce/waive the right
法律约束力 legally binding force
效力  validity
折价补偿 be reimbursed at its estimated price
过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受到的损失
The party at fault shall compensate the other party for losses incurred as a result therefrom.
按照约定  according to the terms of the contract
或者约定不明确的  or such agreement is unclear
依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的
Nor can it be determined according to the provisions of Article 61 of this Law
债权人  obligee/creditor
债务人  obligor/debtor
承担费用 bear expenses/assume cost
标的物  object 或 subject matter
第三方 the third party/person
中止履行  suspend performance
确切证据 conclusive evidence
将标的物提存 place the subject matter in escrow   或  have the object deposited
怠于行使  indolent in exercising
代位 subrogation
请求 petition/request
受让人 transferee/assignee
让与人 transferor/assignor
但有下列情形之一的除外 except for the following circumstances
抗辩 claim demur
承担连带责任assume obligations jointly and severally
终止 terminate/discharge
债务相互抵销 the debts have been offset against each other
不可抗拒力  force majeure 
 
免除 release/exempt 
交易习惯  transaction practices
解除 rescind (n. rescission)
规定 stipulate (n. stipulation)
补救措施 remedial measures
受领take delivery of  or  accept
孳息  fruits
《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Consumer Rights
仲裁机构 arbitration institution
违约金 liquidated damages/damages for breach of contract
定金 deposit
不能免除责任 insurmountable 
受损害方the aggrieved party
侵害 infringe upon
依法追究刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility shall be imposed/investigated in accordance with the law
和解或者调解 conciliation or mediation
标的物的所有权title to the subject matter / the ownership of an object
效力 authenticity 
处分 dispose
单证  document
出卖人  seller
买受人   buyer
标的物的从物ancillary component (principal part) of the subject matter (object)
主物 principal part / main components
有偿合同 non-gratuitous contract
参照买卖合同的有关规定
1) reference shall be made to the relevant provisions governing sales contracts
2) the relevant provisions on sales contracts shall be applied mutatis mutandis
赠与人 donor/donator
受赠人 donee
重大过失  gross fault/negligence
借款人 borrower
贷款人 lender
到期 at the prescribed time    or   when it becomes due
本金  principal
逾期利息 delayed repayment interest  or  overdue interest
可以展期 may be extended
出租人 lessor
承阻人lessee
不定期租赁non-term lease  or   unfixed lease
租赁物 leased property
承揽人/承包人 contractor/hiree
定作人 ordering party/hirer
发包人 contract letting party/developer 
约定的 prescribed/ordered
承运人 carrier
托运人 shipper/consignor
收货人 consignee
多式联运经营人multi-modal carriage operator
运输区段 Segment/section of transportation
加速 expedite/accelerate
推广 dissemination
产生 accrue/generate
使用费licensing fee  or   royalties
专利申请人和专利权人patent applicant and the patentee
一次总付 lump-sum payment
一次总算 overall/one-time calculation
分期支付installment payment
提成支付 royalty/proportionate payment
提成支付附加预付入门费royalty payment plus advance payment of entrance/initial fee
会计帐目  accounting books
职务技术成果 employee-developed technology or job-related technological achievement
妨碍技术进步  (impede) impairs technological advance
委托开发合同和合作开发合同
commissioned development contracts and cooperative development contracts.
技术开发合同应当采用书面形式
A technology development contract shall be in writing (written form).
委托人 commissioning party
专利权转让、专利申请权转让、技术秘密转让、专利实施许可合同
contracts for the assignment of patent, assignment of patent application right, transfer of technical secrets, and patent licensing
or
contracts for patent transfer, contracts on transfer of the right to apply for a patent, contracts on transfer of know-how and contracts on the licensing of patent exploitation
专利的实施 exploitation of the patent
后续改进 subsequent/follow-up  improvement
技术秘密  technical secret  or   know-how
提供可行性论证、技术预测、专题技术调查、分析评价报告等合同 contracts for provision of feasibility studies, technical forecast, specialized technical investigation, and analysis and evaluation report
保管人safekeeping party / depositary
寄存人/存货人storing party   /  depositor 
擅自改变 unilaterally change / change without authorization,
领取保管物retrieve the deposit / claim and get back the stored article
届满  on the expiry of  /  at the end of
原物  original article/item
保管人对保管物享有留置权
the depositary is entitled to a possessory lien on the deposit
or
the safekeeping party is entitled to lien on the stored article
depositor / storing party
易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、有放射性等危险物品
hazardous material which is inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, or radioactive
易变质物品 perishable articles
仓单 warehouse receipt/voucher
包括下列事项
set forth the following     or     contain the following items
提取仓储物 retrieve/transfer warehousing goods
背书  endorse入库仓储物warehoused goods
必要的处置  necessary disposal
委托人和受托人the principal（trustor）and the agent
特别委托specifically appoint/entrust
委托事务entrusted affair/matter
以....... 的名义   in one’s name
超越权限  be ultra vires   or   bey ond the scope of authorization
清算组织liquidation team/group
行纪人 broker/trustee-trader
除委托人有相反的意思表示的以外
unless the trustor has otherwise manifested its intention
or
unless the principal expresses appositely
逾期不支付报酬
fails to pay remuneration in due time
fails to pay the remuneration within the prescribed period
本章没有规定的，适用委托合同的有关规定。
A matter not provided for in this Chapter shall be governed by the relevant provision applicable to agency appointment contracts.
or
Matters not addressed in this Chapter shall apply the relevant provisions governing commission contracts.
居间人 intermediator
委托人 principal/client
媒介服务 intermediate/intermediary service
废止 repeal/invalidate
购货合同 purchase contract　　
销售合同 sales contract
购货确认书 purchase confirmation
销售确认书 sales confirmation 　　　　　
一般交易条件 general terms and conditions
以未售出为准 subject to prior sale
需经卖方确认 subject to seller’s confirmation
有效期限 time of validity 　
合同，订立合同 contract
订约人，承包人contractor
合同的，契约的 contractual
签订合同 to make a contract
订合同to place a contract
签合同to sign a contract
拟订合同 to draw up a contract
起草合同to draft a contract
得到合同 to get a contract
得到（拥有）合同 to land a contract
会签合同 to countersign a contract
重复合同to repeat a contract
尚待执行的合同 an executory contract
一个很有利的合同 a nice fat contract
合同正本originals of the contract
合同副本copies of the contract
书面合同a written contract
做某些让步 to make some concession
及时in due time
按照 subject to
格式条款Standard Terms
无效　be null and void
承担损害赔偿责任be liable for damages
违背　Violate
商业秘密Trade Secrets
 

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